Clinical Glossary

Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

The beat-to-beat variation in heart rate, reflecting autonomic nervous system balance. Higher HRV generally signals better recovery and resilience.

VO₂ Max

The maximum rate of oxygen your body can use during intense exercise, one of the strongest predictors of cardiorespiratory fitness and longevity.

ApoB

Apolipoprotein B, a count of atherogenic lipoprotein particles. Increasingly used as a more precise cardiovascular risk marker than LDL-C alone.

Epigenetic (Biological) Age

An estimate of biological aging derived from DNA methylation patterns, often diverging from chronological age and used to track longevity interventions.

GLP-1

Glucagon-like peptide-1: a hormone (and drug class, e.g. semaglutide) that regulates appetite and blood glucose, central to modern weight-loss and metabolic care.

Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM)

A wearable sensor that tracks interstitial glucose in real time, revealing metabolic responses to food, sleep, stress and exercise.

Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM)

Using connected devices to collect patient health data between visits, reimbursable under specific CPT codes and central to proactive, data-driven care.

Insulin Resistance

A reduced cellular response to insulin, driving elevated glucose and a precursor to type-2 diabetes. Tracked via HOMA-IR, fasting insulin and CGM patterns.

Zone 2 Training

Sustained low-intensity aerobic exercise that improves mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility, a staple of longevity training protocols.

DEXA Scan

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: the gold-standard measure of body composition (lean mass, fat mass, visceral fat) and bone density.

HbA1c

Glycated hemoglobin, reflecting average blood glucose over ~3 months. A core marker for diabetes risk and metabolic health.

Resting Heart Rate (RHR)

Heart rate at complete rest. Lower values typically indicate better cardiovascular fitness; upward trends can flag illness or overtraining.